{
 "name": "USCLI private investigator continuing education requirements",
 "publisher": "United States Council for Law & Investigation",
 "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
 "homepage": "https://uscli.org/licensing-tracker/continuing-education",
 "checked": "2026-10-17",
 "states": [
  {
   "state": "Alabama",
   "short": {
    "hours": "16 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "2 hours ethics"
   },
   "hours": "16 contact hours (50 minutes each) per 2-year license period, including 2 hours of ethics. Apprentices: 8 hours a year, including 2 hours of ethics (Code § 34-25B-12.1(e)(2)).",
   "topics": "2 hours of ethics per period. The rest must be formal learning that contributes directly to professional competence. Courses must be at least 25 minutes.",
   "who": "Each licensed private investigator, including inactive licensees, and apprentices under their separate requirement.",
   "online": "Distance learning, including internet courses, is an accepted provider type. Self-study counts only if approved for a set number of hours by the Alabama Private Investigators Association or the Board; the Board’s 2016 renewal guidance caps self-study at 8 contact hours per renewal.",
   "carryover": "Not allowed.",
   "providers": "Accepted: incorporated private investigator associations, in-house company training for the company’s own employees, for-profit schools and firms, distance learning, and continuing education approved by a private investigator licensing board or commission. Alabama Private Investigators Association courses are pre-approved. The Board publishes no course list.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "Attest on the renewal application. Documentation is required only if selected for a random audit, within 30 days of the Board’s written request. Keep records 3 years after the renewal date.",
   "deadline": "Before the license expires (2 years from issuance). Late renewal is allowed up to 30 days after expiration with a $200 late fee.",
   "exemptions": "The Board may extend the deadline for one renewal period if compliance was beyond the licensee’s control, on written request with documents.",
   "penalty": "The license is not renewed without continuing education. Failing an audit or giving false evidence leads to discipline.",
   "law": "Code of Ala. § 34-25B-26; Ala. Admin. Code r. 741-X-4-.03, 741-X-7-.01 to -.05",
   "recent": "Act 2023-397 changed the statute from 8 hours a year to 16 hours, including 2 ethics, per 2-year period.",
   "conflicts": [
    "The statute sets 16 hours, including 2 ethics, per 2-year license period. Two Board rules (741-X-4-.03(1), amended effective March 17, 2025, and 741-X-7-.01(1)) also say 8 hours must be earned in each calendar year. Ask the Board how it applies the calendar-year rule."
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Code of Ala. ch. 34-25B (Board PDF)",
     "url": "https://apib.alabama.gov/PDF/2025/Chapter25BLawPIRegulatoryAct%208.8.2024(REVISED).pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "Ala. Admin. Code ch. 741-X (Board PDF)",
     "url": "https://apib.alabama.gov/PDF/2025/Final.Chapter.741.X.1.merged.8.14.2024.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "Act 2023-397",
     "url": "https://apib.alabama.gov/PDF/2025/HB75.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "Board renewal guidance (2016)",
     "url": "https://apib.alabama.gov/PDF/2016/RenewalInfo2-11-16.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Florida",
   "short": {
    "hours": "Armed only: 4 hours a year",
    "topics": "Firearms requalification"
   },
   "hours": "Armed (Class G) licensees only: at least 4 hours of firearms range and classroom training in each year of the 2-year license. There is no continuing education requirement for unarmed (Class C) private investigators.",
   "topics": "Firearms requalification for each type and caliber carried, taught by a Class K firearms instructor.",
   "who": "Class G statewide firearm license holders, including armed private investigators.",
   "online": "The classroom portion may be taught live online through a secure website with identity and attendance verified. Range training is in person. There is no on-demand option.",
   "carryover": "None; the training is due in each year of the license.",
   "providers": "A licensed Class K firearms instructor.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "The instructor issues a Certificate of Firearms Proficiency through the Division of Licensing’s system. The licensee submits it each year on or before the license’s expiration month and day.",
   "deadline": "Each year of the 2-year Class G license.",
   "exemptions": "The Department may waive it for certified state or federal law enforcement and correctional officers with annual agency requalification, qualifying firearms instructors, and officers with annual LEOSA training.",
   "penalty": "Missing the first-year requalification suspends the license until the full 28-hour initial course is retaken. Completing it but not reporting it on time also suspends the license, until proof of the completed training is filed. Missing the second year requires the 28-hour course before renewal.",
   "law": "Fla. Stat. § 493.6113(3)(b); Fla. Admin. Code r. 5N-1.132",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Fla. Stat. § 493.6113",
     "url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/493.6113"
    },
    {
     "label": "Fla. Admin. Code r. 5N-1.132",
     "url": "https://www.flrules.org/gateway/ruleNo.asp?id=5N-1.132"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Georgia",
   "short": {
    "hours": "16 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "2 ethics, 2 homeland security"
   },
   "hours": "16 hours before each registration renewal for registered private detective employees (8 for security employees; 16 for those registered as both). Registrations renew every 2 years.",
   "topics": "2 hours of homeland security (terrorism indicators and cooperation with homeland security agencies), 2 hours of ethics, and 12 hours of industry-related training, of which up to 4 may be firearms-related.",
   "who": "Registered private detective employees. The rule places no continuing education requirement on company licenses.",
   "online": "Distance learning is allowed; electronic signatures on attendance rosters are accepted.",
   "carryover": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "providers": "Any provider of training related to the profession, taught by a Board-licensed instructor. In-house company courses for the company’s own registered employees, and incorporated state or national private detective or security associations, are excepted from the licensed-instructor rule. The Board publishes no provider list.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "Audit-based: do not send proof unless selected. Registrant and employer must provide proof on request. Providers keep training records at least 5 years.",
   "deadline": "Before the registration expires on August 31 of each odd-numbered year.",
   "exemptions": "The first renewal after initial registration is exempt. The Board may waive for hardship, disability, or illness on written request. Holders of Georgia P.O.S.T. peace officer certification may use their in-service hours.",
   "penalty": "Continuing education is a condition of renewal.",
   "law": "Ga. Comp. R. and Regs. 509-3-.12; 509-2-.01",
   "recent": "Rule last amended effective July 26, 2022.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Rule 509-3-.12",
     "url": "https://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/509-3-.12"
    },
    {
     "label": "Rule 509-2-.01 (renewal)",
     "url": "https://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/509-2-.01"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Illinois",
   "short": {
    "hours": "8 hours a year",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "8 hours of training every year.",
   "topics": "Subjects related to private detective work; no set topic hours.",
   "who": "Each licensed private detective. Registered employees of a private detective agency complete 8 hours of employer-chosen training each calendar year after the year of hire.",
   "online": "Allowed without limit: any mix of classroom, seminar, and internet-based online hours (225 ILCS 447/15-25(d)). Employee training may be classroom, seminar, or online, but not on the job.",
   "carryover": "No carryover provision.",
   "providers": "No state-approved provider list.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "No submission at renewal. Keep a personal training log with documentation for at least 5 years; an employing agency also keeps the record. Produce records to the Department on request.",
   "deadline": "Each year. Licenses expire May 31 every 3 years.",
   "exemptions": "None stated beyond first-year timing.",
   "penalty": "No specific penalty; the Act’s general grounds for discipline (225 ILCS 447/40-10) apply.",
   "law": "225 ILCS 447/15-25(d)–(i); 68 Ill. Adm. Code 1240.505, 1240.506",
   "recent": "Added by P.A. 102-152 (effective January 1, 2022); amended by P.A. 103-309 (effective January 1, 2024).",
   "conflicts": [
    "Rule 1240.505(c) still lets employee refresher training be on the job. Since January 1, 2022 (P.A. 102-152), the statute has barred on-the-job annual training, and the statute controls."
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "225 ILCS 447",
     "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ILCS/details?ActID=2474&ChapterID=24&ChapAct=FullText"
    },
    {
     "label": "68 Ill. Adm. Code Part 1240",
     "url": "https://www.ilga.gov/agencies/JCAR/EntirePart?titlepart=06801240"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Iowa",
   "short": {
    "hours": "12 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "12 hours (50 minutes each, whole hours only) in the 2 years before the agency license expires.",
   "topics": "No set topics. The rule lists acceptable areas, including law, management, computer science, communications, and investigative subjects such as surveillance, report writing, and court testimony.",
   "who": "The agency license holder and each employee with a private investigator identification card, as a condition of the agency’s renewal.",
   "online": "Correspondence and individual-study programs that require registration and show completion count for up to half the requirement.",
   "carryover": "None; hours must fall in the 2 years before the agency license expires.",
   "providers": "No state approval or list. Programs of recognized private investigator organizations, college courses, in-firm programs, and other organized programs qualify if they meet the rule’s standards.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "A signed statement at agency renewal listing continuing education for the licensee and employees. The Commissioner spot-checks. Keep evidence 3 years.",
   "deadline": "At agency license renewal.",
   "exemptions": "Hardship (health, military service, foreign residency, or other good cause). Out-of-state agencies active in a home state with similar requirements. New employees in limited cases.",
   "penalty": "The Department may issue a 30-day temporary license; if still not done, renewal is denied. An employee who falls short loses the identification card.",
   "law": "Iowa Admin. Code r. 661-121.22; Iowa Code ch. 80A",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Iowa Admin. Code ch. 661-121",
     "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/661.121.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Kansas",
   "short": {
    "hours": "8 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "At least 8 hours per 2-year license period.",
   "topics": "No set topics. Courses must maintain or improve competence in detective services or in running a detective business. Firearm-permit training does not count.",
   "who": "Each licensed private detective.",
   "online": "Self-study, including online, counts with no cap if it requires registration and a final exam (70% to pass) and produces a certificate of completion.",
   "carryover": "Not provided; hours must be earned within the 2-year period.",
   "providers": "No approved-course list. Programs qualify by meeting the regulation’s standards (formal program, at least 50 minutes, outline, qualified instructor, attendance records). Kansas and national private investigator associations and college courses qualify.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "Submit copies of all completion documents with the renewal application, showing the sponsor, location, title, dates, and minutes.",
   "deadline": "With the renewal application.",
   "exemptions": "None in the regulations.",
   "penalty": "Failing to complete continuing education is a ground for discipline, and renewal requires proof.",
   "law": "K.S.A. 75-7b07(a)(4), (b); K.S.A. 75-7b13; K.A.R. 16-4-2 to 16-4-4",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "K.S.A. 75-7b07",
     "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch75/075_007b_0007.html"
    },
    {
     "label": "K.S.A. 75-7b13",
     "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch75/075_007b_0013.html"
    },
    {
     "label": "K.A.R. 16-4 (Attorney General)",
     "url": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/2718/638918998783400000"
    },
    {
     "label": "Attorney General private detective page",
     "url": "https://www.ag.ks.gov/divisions/civil/licensing-inspections/private-detective-licensing"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Kentucky",
   "short": {
    "hours": "12 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "12 hours (50 minutes each) every 2-year license period.",
   "topics": "No set topics; all hours must relate directly to private investigation.",
   "who": "Each licensed private investigator.",
   "online": "Programs from the 19 pre-approved providers count in any format. Home-study programs from other providers need Board approval.",
   "carryover": "Not allowed.",
   "providers": "Programs from 19 named providers are pre-approved, including the Kentucky Professional Investigators Association, the Kentucky Society of Professional Investigators, ACFE, NALI, IASIU, NSPII, state and local bar associations, and programs approved by other state licensure boards. Other providers apply at least 60 days ahead; licensees can also ask the Board to approve a program.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Pre-approved providers (201 KAR 41:070, § 3)",
    "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/201/041/070/"
   },
   "reporting": "Submit proof with the renewal application. Keep records 2 years from the program date.",
   "deadline": "At renewal of the 2-year license.",
   "exemptions": "The Board may grant a waiver or extension of up to 1 year for injury, illness, family death or illness, active military duty, or undue hardship.",
   "penalty": "Refusal to renew, suspension, or revocation.",
   "law": "201 KAR 41:070; KRS 329A.025",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "201 KAR 41:070",
     "url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/201/041/070/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Louisiana",
   "short": {
    "hours": "One online course every 2 years",
    "topics": "Board course"
   },
   "hours": "No hour count: pass (75%) the Board’s online investigative course every 2 years. Licenses renew yearly.",
   "topics": "The Board’s own online course and assessment. The Board asks licensees to review Louisiana’s private investigator law, rules, and reciprocity documents first.",
   "who": "All licensed private investigators.",
   "online": "The requirement is an online course and assessment on the Board’s website.",
   "carryover": "Not applicable.",
   "providers": "Only the Board’s course counts. Other courses can be filed but do not replace it.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Board continuing education page",
    "url": "https://www.lsbpie.com/ContinuingEducation.aspx"
   },
   "reporting": "The Board says the online provider sends results to it; the rule also says to return the printed course form with the renewal request.",
   "deadline": "Every 2 years before renewal. New licensees: before the second renewal, then every 2 years.",
   "exemptions": "Extension on written request 30 days before renewal. The Board may waive for good cause.",
   "penalty": "The course must be passed to renew.",
   "law": "La. Admin. Code tit. 46, pt. LVII, §§ 518–519; La. R.S. 37:3505",
   "conflicts": [
    "The Board charges $100 (PayPal, non-refundable) for the course, but rule § 518 still says it is free."
   ],
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "LAC 46:LVII",
     "url": "https://www.doa.la.gov/media/asklyfiy/46v57.docx"
    },
    {
     "label": "Board continuing education page",
     "url": "https://www.lsbpie.com/ContinuingEducation.aspx"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "short": {
    "hours": "6 hours a year",
    "topics": "Armed: 6 more in weapons"
   },
   "hours": "6 hours every license year. Armed individuals complete 6 more hours a year in weapons.",
   "topics": "Board-certified training related to the field. Armed: weapons training with annual range certification, plus first aid and CPR.",
   "who": "Every license holder, qualified representative, Minnesota manager, partner, and employee of a licensed private detective business.",
   "online": "Online courses count if Board-certified; the Board’s directory flags them. No cap.",
   "carryover": "No carryover provision.",
   "providers": "Courses must be Board-certified. A license holder can ask the Board to approve an outside course as equivalent training.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Board-certified training courses (linked from the Board’s training page)",
    "url": "https://approvedtrainings.vercel.app/"
   },
   "reporting": "At renewal the license holder submits an affidavit that all employees met the training requirements. Training programs keep records at least 3 years.",
   "deadline": "Each license year, not calendar year.",
   "exemptions": "Full-time licensed peace officers meet the requirement. If an employee is hired during year one of the license year, their 12-hour pre-assignment training satisfies year-one continuing education.",
   "penalty": "A 60-day contingent license (penalty up to $50) or a lapsed license (penalty up to $100; cannot do business).",
   "law": "Minn. Stat. § 326.3361, subd. 2; Minn. R. 7506.2700, 7506.2900, 7506.0130",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Minn. Stat. § 326.3361",
     "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/326.3361"
    },
    {
     "label": "Minn. R. ch. 7506",
     "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/rules/7506/full"
    },
    {
     "label": "Board training page",
     "url": "https://dps.mn.gov/about-dps/associated-boards-cmtes-and-task-forces/private-detective-and-protective-agents-board/training"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Missouri",
   "short": {
    "hours": "16 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "16 hours per 2-year cycle for licensed private investigators; 8 hours for agency investigator employees.",
   "topics": "No set topics; courses must relate to private investigation.",
   "who": "Licensed private investigators and agency investigator employees. Private fire investigators meet it by holding active state fire investigator certification.",
   "online": "Distance learning may be approved if it allows immediate interaction with the instructor; correspondence courses are not. The Board’s approved list includes online courses.",
   "carryover": "Extra hours carry to the next cycle, up to 16 (8 for agency investigator employees).",
   "providers": "Courses must be Board-approved. Courses approved by Missouri’s peace officer standards (POST) program count without a review. Licensees may petition for approval of other courses.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Board list of approved courses",
    "url": "https://pr.mo.gov/boards/pi/Approval-No-Order.pdf"
   },
   "reporting": "Providers send attendance to the Board within 2 weeks. Licensees must report proof of hours each cycle.",
   "deadline": "Private investigators: February 28 of each even year. Agency investigator employees: April 30 of each even year.",
   "exemptions": "Not required in the first renewal cycle. Inactive licensees are exempt but must show 2 years of hours to reactivate.",
   "penalty": "Continuing education is a renewal requirement.",
   "law": "20 CSR 2234-6.010; 20 CSR 2234-2.040; RSMo §§ 324.1122, 324.1126, 324.1138",
   "recent": "20 CSR 2234-6.010 was amended effective February 28, 2026.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "20 CSR 2234-6",
     "url": "https://www.sos.mo.gov/cmsimages/adrules/csr/current/20csr/20c2234-6.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "20 CSR 2234-2",
     "url": "https://www.sos.mo.gov/cmsimages/adrules/csr/current/20csr/20c2234-2.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "Approved courses",
     "url": "https://pr.mo.gov/boards/pi/Approval-No-Order.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "New Mexico",
   "short": {
    "hours": "6 hours every 3 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "2 hours a year; 6 hours per 3-year renewal period.",
   "topics": "Must relate directly to the duties of the license. Firearms requalification does not count.",
   "who": "Licensed private investigators.",
   "online": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "carryover": "Not permitted.",
   "providers": "College courses, in-house training by a licensed private patrol company, the New Mexico Law Enforcement Academy, or another program the Department approves. No published list.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "Submit proof with the renewal application.",
   "deadline": "Within the 3-year renewal period.",
   "exemptions": "Initial licensing training covers the first period.",
   "penalty": "The license is not renewed without proof.",
   "law": "16.48.6.8 NMAC",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "16.48.6 NMAC",
     "url": "https://www.srca.nm.gov/parts/title16/16.048.0006.html"
    },
    {
     "label": "RLD training and continuing education page",
     "url": "https://www.rld.nm.gov/boards-and-commissions/individual-boards-and-commissions/private-investigations-security-guard/instructors-training-requirements-and-continuing-education/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "short": {
    "hours": "12 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "12 hours every 2-year license period.",
   "topics": "No set topics; courses must be Board-approved and relevant to the industry.",
   "who": "Every licensee. Registrants such as guards do not need continuing education.",
   "online": "Rule .1202(d) caps online courses at 6 hours per period. The Board applies the cap only to on-demand courses and allows unlimited live virtual instruction.",
   "carryover": "Not allowed.",
   "providers": "Board-approved courses. Board meetings count 2 hours each, up to 4 hours a year and 8 per period. Instructors earn 4 hours per teaching hour, up to 8 per period.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Board-approved courses",
    "url": "https://www.ncdps.gov/ppsb-approved-continuing-education-courses"
   },
   "reporting": "Upload certificates and the continuing education statement with the renewal application.",
   "deadline": "Within the 2-year term, before renewal.",
   "exemptions": "None; the Board says the requirement cannot be waived or deferred. Not required for a first license.",
   "penalty": "The license cannot be renewed without the certificates.",
   "law": "N.C. Gen. Stat. § 74C-22; 14B NCAC 16 .1201–.1205",
   "recent": "Rule .1203 (course approval) amended effective September 1, 2025 and April 1, 2026.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Board continuing education page",
     "url": "https://www.ncdps.gov/about-dps/boards-and-commissions/private-protective-services-board/continuing-education"
    },
    {
     "label": "14B NCAC 16 .1202",
     "url": "http://reports.oah.state.nc.us/ncac/title%2014b%20-%20public%20safety/chapter%2016%20-%20private%20protective%20services%20board/14b%20ncac%2016%20.1202.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Oklahoma",
   "short": {
    "hours": "16 hours every 3 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "16 hours per 3-year license term (8 for security guards; 16 total for those holding both).",
   "topics": "Must relate directly to the licensee’s duties. Refresher and requalification courses, including firearms requalification, do not count.",
   "who": "Licensed private investigators.",
   "online": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "carryover": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "providers": "CLEET-accredited schools and seminars, recognized professional associations, college courses, and others the Council approves.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "CLEET accepted sources (not a course list)",
    "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/cleet/licensing/private-investigators-continuing-education.html"
   },
   "reporting": "Report to CLEET as completed or at renewal; CLEET verifies hours at renewal.",
   "deadline": "At renewal. Renewals are accepted from 60 days before to 30 days after expiration.",
   "exemptions": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "penalty": "Renewing without the hours brings a penalty citation and 15 days to show proof and pay the fine.",
   "law": "59 O.S. § 1750.3(4); OAC 390:35-5-2.1",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "59 O.S. § 1750.3",
     "url": "https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=96645"
    },
    {
     "label": "Oklahoma Administrative Code",
     "url": "https://rules.ok.gov/code"
    },
    {
     "label": "CLEET continuing education page",
     "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/cleet/licensing/private-investigators-continuing-education.html"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Oregon",
   "short": {
    "hours": "32 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "2 hours ethics"
   },
   "hours": "32 hours every 2-year license period (40 for provisional investigators).",
   "topics": "At least 2 hours of ethics. The rest can be any education that could reasonably benefit investigative work.",
   "who": "Each licensed private investigator and provisional investigator.",
   "online": "Allowed: in person, remote, or self-study.",
   "carryover": "Up to 15 hours carry to the next period, but not toward the ethics minimum.",
   "providers": "No approved-provider requirement. DPSST may reject hours it does not consider beneficial.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "Report on Form PI-6 during the period or with the renewal application.",
   "deadline": "Renewal documents are due within 90 days before expiration.",
   "exemptions": "None found.",
   "penalty": "The license is not renewed without proof.",
   "law": "ORS 703.447; OAR 259-061-0240",
   "recent": "OAR 259-061-0240 last amended effective October 26, 2023.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "OAR 259-061-0240",
     "url": "https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/view.action?ruleNumber=259-061-0240"
    },
    {
     "label": "ORS chapter 703",
     "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors703.html"
    },
    {
     "label": "DPSST continuing education pamphlet",
     "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/dpsst/PI/Documents/Continuing%20Education%20Pamphlet.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "South Carolina",
   "short": {
    "hours": "12 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "4 hours SLED-approved"
   },
   "hours": "12 SLED-approved hours every 24 months.",
   "topics": "At least 4 of the 12 hours must be presented or specifically approved by SLED. Programs must build investigative skills or relate to running an investigation business.",
   "who": "Every licensed and registered private investigator. Licensees must make sure their registered employees comply.",
   "online": "SLED lists online training among acceptable sources; no cap stated.",
   "carryover": "Not addressed.",
   "providers": "Training must be SLED-approved before you take it.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "SLED approved providers (October 2023)",
    "url": "https://www.sled.sc.gov/sites/sled/files/forms/PI/PIContinuingEdApprovedProviders.pdf"
   },
   "reporting": "Document hours to SLED. Credit applications may be filed when training is completed, and SLED’s license renewal checklist asks for continuing education documentation.",
   "deadline": "By the renewal date in each 24-month period.",
   "exemptions": "None found.",
   "penalty": "Not specified in the regulation.",
   "law": "S.C. Code Regs. 73-422; S.C. Code Title 40, ch. 18",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "S.C. Code Regs. ch. 73",
     "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/coderegs/Chapter%2073.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "SLED private investigators page",
     "url": "https://www.sled.sc.gov/private-investigators"
    },
    {
     "label": "SLED license renewal checklist",
     "url": "https://www.sled.sc.gov/sites/sled/files/forms/PI/pilicrenewal.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Tennessee",
   "short": {
    "hours": "12 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "None set"
   },
   "hours": "12 hours every 2-year renewal period.",
   "topics": "No set topics; formal learning that contributes directly to professional competence.",
   "who": "Each licensed private investigator.",
   "online": "Correspondence and individual-study programs that require registration and show completion may qualify, for credit the Commissioner decides.",
   "carryover": "Not permitted.",
   "providers": "Sponsors must register each program at least 30 days before offering it. Relevant college courses and recognized professional organizations’ programs also qualify.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "Approved course list",
    "url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/pi/license/continuing-education/continuing-education-course-approvals.html"
   },
   "reporting": "Sponsors report attendance within 15 days. Give the sponsor your name and license number at registration, or you may not get credit.",
   "deadline": "On or before license expiration.",
   "exemptions": "Extensions for poor health, military service, or other reasonable cause.",
   "penalty": "A late fee if not done by expiration. More than 30 days late: the renewal is not accepted.",
   "law": "Tenn. Code Ann. § 62-26-225; Tenn. Comp. R. and Regs. 1175-02",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Tenn. Comp. R. and Regs. ch. 1175-02",
     "url": "https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/rules/1175/1175-02.20230620.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "Continuing education page",
     "url": "https://www.tn.gov/commerce/regboards/pi/license/continuing-education.html"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Texas",
   "short": {
    "hours": "18 hours every 2 years (12 after 15 years)",
    "topics": "2 ethics, 2 Act and rules"
   },
   "hours": "18 hours per 2-year license period; 12 hours after more than 15 years of continuous licensure.",
   "topics": "Under 15 years: 14 hours investigations, 2 ethics, 2 review of the Private Security Act and rules. Over 15 years: 8 investigations, 2 ethics, 2 Act and rules.",
   "who": "Each licensed private investigator. Owners licensed only as owners complete 8 hours (7 related to the company’s service, 1 ethics).",
   "online": "No online limit stated in the rules.",
   "carryover": "None; courses count only if completed in the 2 years before expiration.",
   "providers": "DPS-approved continuing education schools. DPS may also accept related courses from government agencies, colleges, nonprofit associations, or schools licensed by another state’s private security agency.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "DPS school search (choose Private Investigation Continuing Education)",
    "url": "https://tops.portal.texas.gov/psp-self-service/search/index"
   },
   "reporting": "State on the renewal application that it is complete. Keep certificates 2 years and provide copies on request.",
   "deadline": "Before the renewal application can be submitted.",
   "exemptions": "The reduced 12 hours after 15 years. No military or hardship waiver in the rule.",
   "penalty": "Under the DPS penalty schedule: $250 for a first violation, $500 for a second, then a 60-day suspension, then revocation.",
   "law": "37 Tex. Admin. Code §§ 35.161, 35.162; Tex. Occ. Code § 1702.308",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "DPS training and continuing education",
     "url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/private-security/training-and-continuing-education"
    },
    {
     "label": "Private Security statutes and rules (DPS)",
     "url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/sites/default/files/documents/rsd/psb/docs/psStatutesAndRules2024.pdf"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Utah",
   "short": {
    "hours": "16 hours every 2 years (from 2027)",
    "topics": "4 ethics, 4 Utah law"
   },
   "hours": "16 hours per 2-year cycle, required for renewals on or after May 6, 2027. Renewals are in August of odd years, so the August 2027 renewal is the first one after that date. Hours are prorated by licensure date.",
   "topics": "At least 4 hours of ethics and 8 hours on the licensee’s scope of practice, both from a nationally recognized association, and at least 4 hours of Utah law, including the Private Investigation Licensing Act.",
   "who": "Private investigator agents, registrants, and apprentices licensed by DOPL.",
   "online": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "carryover": "Not addressed in the rule.",
   "providers": "No approved list. Courses must meet the rule’s quality standards.",
   "providerList": null,
   "reporting": "A renewal requirement. Keep proof 3 years after the end of the renewal period.",
   "deadline": "Two-year cycles start in August of each odd-numbered year.",
   "exemptions": "DOPL may defer or waive under its general rule (R156-1-308d).",
   "penalty": "The license cannot be renewed without it.",
   "law": "Utah Code § 58-92-309; Utah Admin. Code R156-92-309 (emergency rule effective September 1, 2026)",
   "recent": "2026 legislation moved private investigator licensing to DOPL on September 1, 2026. The rule is a 120-day emergency rule; the permanent rule may change these details.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "Utah Code § 58-92-309",
     "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title58/Chapter92/C58-92-S309_2026050620260901.html"
    },
    {
     "label": "R156-92 emergency rule",
     "url": "https://commerce.utah.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/r156-92-private-investigator-rule-emergency-rule-effective-09.01.2026.pdf"
    },
    {
     "label": "DOPL laws and rules",
     "url": "https://commerce.utah.gov/dopl/private-investigators/private-investigator-laws-and-rules/"
    }
   ]
  },
  {
   "state": "Virginia",
   "short": {
    "hours": "8 hours every 2 years",
    "topics": "In-service training"
   },
   "hours": "8 hours of in-service training in each 24-month registration period.",
   "topics": "Private Investigator In-Service (02I): job-related training. Online courses may include at most 1 hour of regulation review unless DCJS allows more.",
   "who": "Each registered private investigator. Firearms endorsement holders also need annual firearms retraining.",
   "online": "Allowed for in-service training through a DCJS-certified school, finished within 30 days of first log-on.",
   "carryover": "No carryover provision.",
   "providers": "A DCJS-certified private security training school. Documented third-party training may be credited.",
   "providerList": {
    "label": "DCJS training school search",
    "url": "https://www.dcjs.virginia.gov/division-licensure-and-regulatory-services/training-search-tool"
   },
   "reporting": "A renewal requirement. Schools keep records 3 years.",
   "deadline": "Before the registration expires; apply at least 30 days ahead.",
   "exemptions": "Extensions of up to 12 months total for extended illness or injury, military or foreign service, or emergency temporary assignment.",
   "penalty": "An unrenewed registration becomes void. More than 60 days late: entry-level training must be repeated.",
   "law": "6VAC20-174-100, -170, -310; 6VAC20-173-180",
   "sources": [
    {
     "label": "6VAC20-174-170",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title6/agency20/chapter174/section170/"
    },
    {
     "label": "6VAC20-174-310",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title6/agency20/chapter174/section310/"
    },
    {
     "label": "6VAC20-173-180",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincode/title6/agency20/chapter173/section180/"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}